Introduction
The carboxyl group is one of the most widely occurring functional groups in chemistry as well as biochemistry. All the reactions and compounds covered in this section will yield Carboxylic Acids on hydrolysis, and thus are known as Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. The Carboxylic group contains both a carbonyl (C=O) group and a hydroxyl group (O-H).
There are many carboxylic acid derivatives: these include carboxylic acids themselves, carboxylates, amides, esters, carboxylic acid anhydrides and acid chlorides. Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, carboxylate groups are the least reactive, followed by amides, then esters and carboxylic acids, thioesters, and finally acyl phosphates, which are the most reactive.
In this lesson you will learn more about carboxylic acid derivatives and see some examples of reactions, as well as complete a task about this topic to test your knowledge. Good luck!
Task
To test your knowledge and teach you new things about carboxylic acid derivatives, you will be given a simple test of 10 questions.
To answer these questions you will need to watch this video.
Process
1) Which carboxylic acid derivative is the least reactive?
- acid chloride
- corboxylate and amide
- anhydrate
2) Which carboxylic acid derivative is the most reactive?
- acid chloride
- corboxylate and amide
- anhydrate
3) Which conversion requires the most energy?
- acid chloride to ester
- amide to acid chloride
- ester to carboxylic acid
4) Which conversion requires the least energy?
- acid chloride to ester
- amide to acid chloride
- ester to carboxylic acid
5) What do you get if you combine a carboxylic acid derivative with alcohol?
- anhydride
- amide
- ester
6) What is a transesterification?
- a reversible reaction
- a nonreversible reaction
- this term does not exist
7) In what cases do you get a ring?
- in a reversible reaction
- when you add a carboxylic acid to a carboxylic acid
- when you combine two derivatives within one molecule
8) What do you get if you add water to cyclic anhydrate?
- carboxylic acid
- two carboxylic acids
- ester
9) What is the least efficient way to get anhydrate if you are given a carboxylic acid?
- by turning it into an acid chloride
- by adding water
- by adding heat
10) If you have an ester, what is one way to get anhydrate
- by adding carboxylic acid and lots of heat
- by adding water
- by adding alcohol
Evaluation
Congratulations, you have finished your task. Here are the correct answers to the questions, so you can check how many you got right and if you got something wrong, you can go back to the video, rewatch it and see what you missed.
1) Which carboxylic acid derivative is the least reactive?
- corboxylate and amide
2) Which carboxylic acid derivative is the most reactive?
- acid chloride
3) Which conversion requires the most energy?
- amide to acid chloride
4) Which conversion requires the least energy?
- acid chloride to ester
5) What do you get if you combine a carboxylic acid derivative with alcohol?
- ester
6) What is a transesterification?
- a reversible reaction
7) In what cases do you get a ring?
- when you combine two derivatives within one molecule
8) What do you get if you add water to cyclic anhydrate?
- two carboxylic acids
9) What is the least efficient way to get anhydrate if you are given a carboxylic acid?
- by adding heat
10) If you have an ester, what is one way to get anhydrate
- by adding carboxylic acid and lots of heat
Conclusion
Now we have come to the end of this lesson, hope you were successful at completing the task, if you have any questions, be sure to ask them or rewatch the video and see what you missed!
Credits
Darbs ir veidots par karbonskābēm un to atvasinājumiem. Tajā ir iekļauts īss ievads tēma "introduction" sadaļā, "task" sadaļā ir doti nosacījumi uzdevumam kas būs jāveic un mājaslapa ar video, kas jāskatās, lai paveiktu uzdevumu. "Process" sadaļā ir pats uzdevums, kas ir veidots testa veidā, katram jautājumam dodot trīs atbilžu variantus. Kopā doti 10 jautājumi. "Evaluation" sadaļā ir dotas atbildes uz testu, lai skolēns var pārbaudīt kā viņam veicies.