Introduction
Gravitation is a universal interaction between any two bodies, which have mass. The law of gravity described by Isaac Newton in the 17th century. By this Law, Newton proved that the Earth object and movement of the heavenly bodies affected by the same laws of nature by showing the relationship between Kepler's planetary laws of motion and his theory of gravitation created thereby scattering the last doubts about heliocentrism. Heliocentrism is the idea that the solar system is the center of the Sun and not the Earth, as it was considered before heliocentrism approval. Using universal law of gravity, Newton theoretically got all planetary motion laws and correctly explained the tidal causes.
Gravitational Law describes gravity expression of space. Gravitational Law is as follows:
The two bodies are attracted to each other with a force that is proportional to the mass of both bodies and multiple of the inverse of the square of body spacing.
Gravitācija ir universāla mijiedarbība starp jebkuriem diviem ķermeņiem, kuriem piemīt masa. Gravitācijas likumu aprakstīja Īzaks Ņūtons 17. gs. Ar šo likumu Ņūtons pierādīja ka Zemes objektu un debesu ķermeņu kustību ietekmē vieni un tie paši dabas likumi, nodemonstrējot sakarību starp Keplera planētu kustības likumiem un viņa izveidoto gravitācijas teoriju, tādējādi izkliedējot pēdējās šaubas par heliocentrismu. Heliocentrisms ir ideja, ka Saules sistēmas centrā ir Saule nevis Zeme, kā to uzskatīja pirms heliocentrisma apstiprināšanas. Izmantojot vispasaules gravitācijas likumu Ī.Ņūtons teorētiski ieguva visus planētu kustības likumus un pareizi izskaidroja paisuma un bēguma cēloņus.
Gravitācijas likums apraksta gravitācijas spēka izpausmi telpā. Gravitācijas likums ir šāds:
Divi ķermeņi savstarpēji pievelkas ar spēku, kas ir proporcionāls abu ķermeņu masu reizinājumam un apgriezti proporcionāls ķermeņu savstarpējā attāluma kvadrātam.
Task
1.The two bodies are attracted to each other by force...
A) ...which is proportional to both mass bodies multiplied and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies.
B) ...which is proportional to one mass body and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies.
C) ... which is not proportional to a mass body.
2.The distance between the objects is measured...
A)....between the object grounding point.
B).... between object mass.
C)....between force of gravity and object mass.
3.The force with which the first body attracts another body, is as great as...
A)....the force that these bodies have.
B)....the force with which the second body is tightened first.
C)....time that they have to attract each other.
4.The moon's orbital speed of movement is called...
A)....rocket speed.
B).... moon speed.
C)...cosmic speed.
5.Escape velocity is about...
A) ....2 times higher than the cosmic speed.
B)....1,4 times higher than the cosmic speed.
C)....5 times higher than the cosmic speed.
6.Third cosmic speed is calculated in relation to the...
A)....Sun.
B)....Moon.
C)....escape velocity and moon's orbital speed.
7.Body weight is the force with which the body is pressed to the ...
A)....surface or suspension in stretched when it is placed on a straight table.
B)....surface or suspension in stretched when it hangs.
C)....surface or suspension in streched when it is broken.
8.Body weight on Earth is equal to the force of gravity when ...
A)....the body is at fast rectilinear motion.
B)....the force is at fast rectilinear motion.
C)....the body is at rest or uniform rectilinear motion.
Process
Gravity acceleration describes how much will accelerate the speed of the body when the body falls freely. The free fall of the body is called an accelerated movement airless room when the body only gravity.
Practically on Earth gravity acceleration on the poles (9.832 MS2) is slightly higher than on the equator (9.78 MS2), because the Earth is not perfectly round ball and the equator is greater rotational speed than the poles. But the average acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface is 9.8 MS2.
Space between all bodies constantly running attraction that we feel on Earth as gravity. The two celestial bodies attract each other with the same force as required by the law of gravity. But within 2 Newton's law, massive heavenly bodies is more difficult to move from the initial trajectory than lighter, so we can observe that the lighter bodies moving around a muscular, so lighter-bodies called satellites.
Brīvās krišanas paātrinājums raksturo cik daudz paātrināsies ķermeņa ātrums, ja ķermenis brīvi krīt. Par brīvo krišanu sauc ķermeņu paātrinātu kustību bezgaisa telpā, kad uz ķermeni darbojas tikai smaguma spēks
.Praktiski uz Zemes brīvās krišanas paātrinājums uz poliem (9,832 ms2) ir nedaudz lielāks nekā uz ekvatora (9,78 ms2), jo Zeme nav ideāli apaļa lode un uz ekvatora ir lielāks rotācijas ātrums nekā uz poliem. Bet vidējais brīvās krišanas paātrinājums uz Zemes virsmas ir 9,8 ms2.
Kosmosā starp visiem ķermeņiem nepārtraukti darbojas pievilkšanās, kuru mēs uz Zemes izjūtam kā gravitāciju. Divi debesu ķermeņi pievelk vien otru ar vienādu spēku, kā to nosaka gravitācijas likums. Bet ievērojot 2. Ņūtona likumu, masīvākus debesu ķermeņus ir grūtāk izkustināt no sākotnējās trajektorijas nekā vieglākus, tādēļ mēs varam novērot, ka vieglāki ķermeņi kustas ap masīvākiem ķermeņiem, tādēļ vieglākos ķermeņus sauc par pavadoņiem.