Social Learning Theory in Special Education

Introduction

Social Learning Theory provides a basis upon which one can evaluate learning through the lens of our social interactions with others.  It was originally proposed by Bandura and published in 1977.  You can learn more about the theory by researching the links provided on the Process Page.

As indicated in the sites noted in this WebQuest, we learn the following about Social Learning Theory:

Bandura identified three basic models of observational learning:

  1. A live model, which involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behavior.
  2. A verbal instructional model, which involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior.
  3. A symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs, or online media.

It operates on the following principles:

  1. The highest level of observational learning is achieved by first organizing and rehearsing the modeled behavior symbolically and then enacting it overtly. Coding modeled behavior into words, labels or images results in better retention than simply observing.
  2. Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled behavior if it results in outcomes they value.
  3. Individuals are more likely to adopt a modeled behavior if the model is similar to the observer and has admired status and the behavior has functional value.

The necesary conditions required for effective social/observational learning include:

  1. Attention
  2. Retention
  3. Reproduction
  4. Motivation

For this WebQuest, you will apply your new knowledge of Social Learning Theory to suggest solutions for students receiving educational support through Special Education.

Task

For this WebQuest, you will review the materials provided regarding Social Learning Theory and Special Education.  Then you will present a solution to at least one of the challenges posed below.

  1. Susan is an eleven year old girl in a middle school extended resource room (ERR).  Her parents have asked that she work on improving her skills at sweeping during the class life skills breakout groups.  How might the principles of Social Learning Theory be applied to help Susan learn this skill in the ERR classroom?
  2. Jack is a six year old boy with a language delay who receives education in a special education classroom.  How can what we know of Social Learning Theory be used to help Jack learn to speak?
  3. Tyler struggles with ADHD in his general educaiton classes in tenth grade.  As he prepares to become more independent and hopefully go to college it is important for him to develop strong study skills to manage his attention challenges.
Step One Choose a problem to solve. You were presented with three classroom situations that you might encounter in your teaching career. Select the one that most interests you.
Step Two Use the links on the process page to review the theory of Social Learning and the needs of Special Education students.
Step Three Based on Social Learning Theory and the needs of Special Education, create a workable solution to your chosen challenge.
Process

To practice the values of Social Learning Theory, work with a group to enhance your learning.  As one student learns about the theory and the needs of special education, train another student in your group on what was learned. 

You can learn more about Social Learning Theory at the following sites:

You can find more information about the additional challenges faced by the scenario students by reviewing the sites noted below:

Evaluation
  Novice
 Developing
 Proficient
Preparation I quickly browsed a few of the links that were provided. I explored several of the links and read one thoroughly. I explored all of the links in depth to be sure I understood and could apply the theories being presented.
Design I proposed a design based on common sense without really applying the principles of Social Learning Theory or the needs of Special Education. I considered the principles of Social Learning Theory and the needs of Special Education, but was unable to propose a design based on those theories.

I carefully applied the principles of Social Learning Theory and the needs of Special Education to propose a thoughtful, creative design.
Integration I was unable to incorporate an awareness of the specific needs of the special education element. I acknowledged specific needs for the special education elements, but they did not mesh closely with the elements of Social Learning Theory

I was able to carefully merge the needs of the special education situation with the principles of Social Learning Theory.

The above chart provides a basic Evaluation Rubric for evaluation of your work.  Work together with your team to evaluate each others work and offer feedback for improvement.

Conclusion

Social Learning Theory provides guidance for learning through interactions with others.  This can be particularly useful for students in Special Education who often need a lot of support in a one-on-one fashion.  In your learning about the theory and the challenges faced by your selected student, I hope you were able to see application of your new knowledge.