Introduction
Nuclear charge
All naturally existing atoms are positively charged nucleus. nuclear charge q = Ze, where Z - the atomic number of chemical elements in the periodic table, and e - elementārlādiņš. Currently known physics elementārlādiņa value is 1.60217653 (14) ⋅10-19C the calculation the value of 1e = 1,6⋅10-19C. Core include electron shell containing Z electrons. Each electron has a negative charge, and the module is 1 e.
Energy emission and absorption in atoms.
To get to the electron in the excited state, the energy absorbed per serving or Solace, a light case, known as photons. If the electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower (eg. From proposed to not propose), the atom emits a photon.
Radioactive decay.
Radioactivity is the ability of some atomic nuclei of ourselves to collapse, resulting in new, different kernels (or changing the kernel internal energy). There are three main types of radioactive decay: alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay. Alpha decay core thrown positively charged alpha particles (helium nucleus). This type of decay is characterized by heavy elements, and it is often accompanied by gamma radiation. Beta decay of radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron).
Kodola lādiņš
Visiem dabā eksistējošiem atomiem ir pozitīvi lādēts kodols. Kodola lādiņš q = Ze, kur Z – elementa kārtas skaitlis ķīmisko elementu periodiskajā tabulā, bet e – elementārlādiņš. Pašlaik fizikā zināmais elementārlādiņa lielums ir 1,60217653(14)⋅10−19C Aprēķiniem izmanto vērtību 1e=1,6⋅10−19C. Kodolu ietver elektronu apvalks, kas satur Z elektronus. Katra elektrona lādiņš ir negatīvs un tā modulis ir 1 e.
Enerģijas emisija un absorbcija atomos.
Lai elektrons nokļūtu kādā ierosinātā stāvoklī, tam jāabsorbē enerģijas porcija jeb kvants, kuru gaismas gadījumā sauc par fotonu.
Ja elektrons pārvietojas no augstāka enerģijas līmeņa uz zemāku (piem. no ierosināta uz neierosinātu), tad atoms izstaro fotonu
Radioaktīvā sabrukšana
Radioaktivitāte ir dažu atomu kodolu spēja pašiem no sevis sabrukt, kā rezultātā veidojas jauni, atšķirīgi kodoli (vai arī mainās kodola iekšējā enerģija). Pastāv trīs galvenie radioaktīvās sabrukšanas veidi: alfa sabrukšana, beta sabrukšana un gamma sabrukšana. Alfa sabrukšanas procesā kodols izmet pozitīvi lādētu alfa daļiņu (hēlija atoma kodolu). Šis sabrukšanas veids ir raksturīgs smagajiem elementiem, un to bieži pavada gamma starojums. Beta sabrukšanas procesā radioaktīvais kodols izstaro beta daļiņu (elektronu vai pozitronu).
Task
Watch the video and read 8 statements about the topic in the video material and decide whether the statement is "Correct" or "Incorrect", if the statement is "Incorrect", then rewrite the statement correctly.
Process
1. All naturally existing atoms are negatively charged nucleus.
2. Atom is the smallest particle.
3. Each electron has a positive charge.
4. To get to the electron in the excited state, the energy needs to be absorbed per serving.
5. There are three main types of radioactive decay: alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay.
6. Beta decay is a reaction in which the nucleus emits a helium nucleus.
7. Beta decay is a reaction that led to one of nucleons in the nucleus turns into the other nucleons.
8. Gamma decay is a reaction by which the core mass and the charge changing.
Evaluation
1. All naturally existing atoms are positively charged nucleus. F
2. Atom is the smallest particle. T
3. Each electron has a negative charge. F
4. To get to the electron in the excited state, the energy needs to be absorbed per serving. T
5. There are three main types of radioactive decay: alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay. T
6. Alpha decay is a reaction in which the nucleus emits a helium nucleus. F
7. Beta decay is a reaction that led to one of nucleons in the nucleus turns into the other nucleons. T
8. Gamma decay is a reaction by which the core mass and charge do not change. F
Conclusion
Thank you for answering questions!