Introduction
Oil refining
Oil is black, oily liquid extracted from the depths of the earth; various hydrocarbons.believes that the oil could be formed from plant and animal debris, accumulated over millions of years.
Oil consist primarily of alkanes, a little cycloalkane, alkene and alkyne but impurities are compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
Just as coal and natural gas, and oil resources are limited.
Oil distillation
Whereas oil hydrocarbons having a different atomic number, they are separated from each other through their boiling point differences. Crude oil is not used in practice, but use their distillation products.
Oil distillation (distillation) oil and fractionation.
Recycling
The waste is solid, liquid or gaseous substances, and the products of the technological, economic or physiological process is redundant and is removed from it.
Waste can be considered as any substance or object which the holder disposes of, or is required to dispose.
Naftas pārstrāde
Nafta ir melns, eļļains šķidrums, ko iegūst no Zemes dzīlēm; dažādu ogļūdeņražu maisījums.Uzskata, ka nafta varētu būt veidojusies no augu un dzīvnieku atliekām, kas uzkrājušās miljoniem gadu laikā.
Naftas sastāvā galvenokārt ir alkāni, nedaudz cikloalkānu, alkēnu un alkīnu, bet piemaisījumu veidā ir savienojumi, kuru sastāvā ir sērs, slāpeklis un skābeklis.
Tāpat kā ogļu un dabasgāzes, arī naftas resursi ir ierobežoti.
Naftas pārtvaice
Tā kā naftā ir ogļūdeņraži ar ļoti dažādu atomu skaitu, tos atdala citu no cita, izmantojot to viršanas temperatūru atšķirības. Jēlnaftu praksē neizmanto, bet izmanto tās pārtvaices produktus.
Naftas pārtvaicē (destilācijā) naftu sadala frakcijās.
Atkritumu pārstrāde
Atkritumi ir cietas, šķidras vai gāzveida vielas, kā arī izstrādājumi, kas attiecīgajā tehnoloģiskajā, saimnieciskajā vai fizioloģiskajā procesā ir lieki un tiek no tā izņemti.
Par atkritumiem var uzskatīt jebkuru vielu vai priekšmetu, no kuras to īpašnieks atbrīvojas, vai no kura viņam ir jāatbrīvojas.
Task
Task will consist of 10 questions,which need to be answered.
Oil recycling process
Waste recycling
Watch the videos, so you can answer correctly.
Process
1.Of what consist 'oil'?
2. Are the oil resources limited? Why?
3. Of which two stages consist oil processing?
4. In which physical substances can waste be found?
5. Waste can be divided in 3 ways,what kind of?
6. In our country we have 3 main types of waste containers,name the types.
7.What is the 'dangerous waste'?
8.What happensif the waste is burned?
9. Do the waste recycling can be done in Latvia? Where?
10.How many fractions there are when happens recycling procces?
Evaluation
Here you can see the right answers for these questions.
1. Oil consist of alkanes, cycloalkanes,alkenes and alkynes.
2.Yes, they are limited just as coal and natural gas, because there are not enough places where they can be available.
3. Oil processing consist of fractionated destillation and cracking.
4. Waste can be found in solid, liquid and gaseous substances.
5. Household,inert and dangerous ways.
6. For paper, glass and plastic.
7.They are waste which has one or more features that make it dangerous to human life and health, the environment
8. If the waste gets burned, there are about 80% less waste, but also the ashes can be harmful for the enviroment.
9. Waste from Riga and Riga region come in at company "Getliņi EKO" where they are recycled.
10. 7 stages/fractions (gas, light petrolium, petrol, petroleum, solar oil, fuel oil, tars)