Introduction
Šajā webquest ir apkopota informācija par silikātu tehnoloģijām.Kā arī soli pa solim aprakstīti stikla un mikročipu ražošanas procesi.
In this webquest , you will find detailed information about how silicone technologies work and how products such as glass and microchips are made from raw materials .
Task
The task of the webquest is to delve into the science of silicate technologies and explore the possibilities this technology brings.Also the task is to see how the silicates are turned into ready to go products(glass,microchips) from raw materials such as:sand,quartz crystals.
Process
The first thing we're going to explore is the way of sand silica,soda ash, lime stone as raw materials to ready product of glass.
HOW GLASS IS MADE
- First the sand silica , soda ash and lime stone is put in a machine.
- Next all the materials are put in a gigantic furnace in which these materials are heated up to 1500 degrees celsius.
- Then on a giant conveyor belt the sand is but in a tin bath ,where the temperatures are 1000 degrees celsius
- After it has dropped the temperature slightly , the strip of glass is put in an enclosed lehr where cooling operations are applied
- After exiting the lehr ,the strip of glass is cooled to 51 degrees celsius
- The strip continues its way to a conveyor belt on which pressured air is applied to cool the strip even more
- Then the strip of glass is scanned for imperfections
- The perfect glass is then cut by a machine in a very precise manner
- Then the sheets of glass are packed into pachaking and make their way to the client who ordered them
HOW MICROSHIPS ARE MADE
- First raw polysilicon is heated up to 2500 degrees F inside a special furnace with argon gas instead of air
- Then a silicon seed cristal the size of a pencil is lowered into the center of the furnace while spinning in the opposite direction
- while the molten silicone is cooled , the seed crystal is withdrawn at the speed of rougly 1.5 mm a minute
- The result is a single silicone cristal weighing arround 200kg and with a diameter of 200 mm(The crystal is so strong that the entire weight of the crystal is held by the same srystal only 3 mm in diameter,like a tail)
- Then with a very thin thread and a special machine , silicone crystal discs are cut out (they are 2/3 of a milimeter thick and 99.999% pure)
- Then the wafers are lapped to remove cut marks and make them smooth and polished)
- then they are polished with a chemical and the surface roughness is reduced to a milionth part of a milimeter)
- Then circuits are intergrated in the silicone wafers(before that dust particules are eliminated in a very sterile enviroment)
- The waffers are then coded with photo sensitive chemicals that harden under UV light.
- Then the chemical is washed off
- The last two processes are repeated arround 40 times
Evaluation
The evaluation of silicone technologies stands very tall , because without these technologies , we wouldnt have such products as simple as glass to complex ones like micro chips ,that are in every single electronic device in existance.
Conclusion
The conclusion is that in order to make microchips , very intense work for decades has been put into new technologies which help make every bit of our computers, phones,mp3 players and so on. These processes are very complex and expensive.